Filippo Brunelleschi

The son of a notary Brunelleschi di Lippe mother Filippo Julian Spin was related to the gentle families of Spin and Aldobrandini. In childhood, Filippo, which was to move the practice of his father, received a humanistic education and a better education for the time: studying the Latin language, shtudiroval ancient authors. Educators from the humanists, Brunelleschi by the ideals of the circle, longing for the times of «their ancestors» Romans, and the hatred of everything alien to the barbarians, destroying the Roman culture, including the «monuments these barbarians» (among them - medieval buildings close city streets), which seemed alien to him and inartistic as compared with those perceptions, which were themselves humanists of the greatness of ancient Rome. Rather than a career notary Filippo from 1392 was in teaching, perhaps, the goldsmith, and then practice as a student at the goldsmith in Pistoia; also studied drawing, sculpture, engraving, sculpture and painting in Florence and studied industrial military vehicles, has considerable time to learning in mathematics teaching from Paolo Toskanelli, who according to Vasari, to teach him mathematics. In 1398 Brunelleschi entered into Arte della Seta, which includes the goldsmith. In Pistoia young Brunelleschi worked silver pieces the altar of St. James - in his works strongly influenced art by Giovanni Pisano. In work on the sculptures of Donatello assisted Brunelleschi (he was then 13 or 14 years) - this time a friendship link masters for life.

In 1401 Filippo Brunelleschi returned to Florence, attended the announcement Arte de Kalimala (plant tissue merchants) compete for two bronze reliefs ornament gate Florence baptistery. In competition with him was attended by Jacopo della Kvercha, Lorenzo Giberti, and several other artists. The competition, chaired by 34 judges, in which every artist should have given the performance of a bronze relief of «the sacrifice of Isaac», last year .. The contest was lost Brunelleschi - relief Giberti surpassed its artistic and technical (he was spitting in one piece and has a 7 kg lighter Brunelleschi). However, despite the documented Giberti in his «Memoirs» unanimity in the selection of judges is the winner of its terrain, most likely some kind of intrigue surrounding the history of the competition (Manetti believes it should win Brunelleschi). Despite this the work of Brunelleschi not destroyed with the creations of other parties but retained (now the National Museum, Florence), apparently, still noting it as an unusually successful.

According to Manetti, Brunelleschi created a number of statues made of wood and bronze. Among them - the statue of Mary Magdalene, burned in Santo Spiritu in a fire in 1471 circa 1409 (between 1410 and 1430 mi-mi-gg.) Brunelleschi created wooden «Crucifixion» in the church of Santa Maria Novella, on the evidence of his Biography - Once in a friendly argument with Donatello. According to Manetti, affected that lost a competition, Brunelleschi left Florence and went to Rome, where, perhaps, decided to explore the perfect antique sculptures (some scientists postpone the date of travel, some do consider it a product of imagination biographer, certain - that such trips were a few and they were short). During his stay in Rome to Filippo almost invariably was Donatello. In the Eternal City, they pro - lived for several years, but since both were excellent goldsmith, then to make a living these craft, and it works spending for the organization of the excavations of ancient ruins. In his spare time, he was given the entire study - cheniyu Roman ruins, and the influence of the Roman experience it can be noted in the works of both artists. In Rome, a young Brunelleschi drew - are of plastic construction skills, beginning to measure carefully preserved every - valin, zarisovyvat plans of entire buildings and plans to - separate parts, capitals, cornices, projections, types of buildings and all their parts. He had to dig for the rain of - and foundations, was the home of - retain those plans into a coherent whole, to restore what was not in complete safety. So he проникся spirit of antiquity, like the modern archaeologists working with tape, shovels and Karandila - shom, learned to distinguish between species, and a device of ancient buildings and created the folders with their first sketches the history of Roman architecture. »